In this guide we are about to cover OSI model vs TCP/IP model, as our is to help you understand your networks better. This is a more in-depth post about OSI model vs TCP IP model.
So, with that, let’s dive into the OSI model, comparing it with the TCP/IP model.
OSI Model Overview
First, in the 1980s, the OSI (Operation System Interconnection) standard was developed. Finally. It’s a type of conceptual network communication. Each of the seven levels in the OSI model is related to the others. As the data moves through the OSI model, each layer contributes more information. The data travels until it reaches the final layer of the OSI model. After being received at the final layer of the OSI architecture, the data is then transmitted throughout the network. Once the data has been received on the opposite side, the process will be delivered.
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TCP/IP Model Overview
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP, enables you to specify how a certain computer connects to the internet and transports data. When numerous computer networks are connected, a virtual network is created. Its main purpose was to provide a dependable byte stream over an unreliable internet network.
OSI Model vs TCP/IP Model – What’s the Difference?
There are seven layers in the generic protocol model known as OSI (Open-Source Interconnect). It is employed to define network communications. This is crucial because standard protocols allow data packets to be transmitted and exchanged between different networks.
These rules are also referred to as protocols. Likewise, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP) is one of the most widely used protocols.
The 7 Layers of the OSI Model
- Layer 1: Physical
- Layer 2: Data-Link
- Layer 3: Network
- Layer 4: Transport
- Layer 5: Session
- Layer 6: Presentation
- Layer 7: Application
1) Layer 1: Physical
The physical layer specifies the electrical and physical properties of the data connection. Physical layers include, for example:
The electrical cable’s operating voltages, optical fibre cable specifications, a connector’s pin arrangement, and the frequency for wireless devices.
The responsibility for sending and receiving unstructured raw data across physical media and bitrate management falls on the physical layer.
2) Layer 2: Datalink
The data link layer provides this transfer, and the node-to-node link directly connects nodes. It handles the data packaging and unpacking in frames, to start. Second, it specializes in protocols like the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) that establish and maintain a physical connection between two devices.
3) Layer 3: Network
Packet routing is handled by the network layer. It makes use of switching and logical addition mechanisms. A network is a medium that enables communication between multiple nodes. Every node has a distinct address. When a node wants to send a message to another node, it just needs to supply the content of the message and the destination node’s address. The network will then determine how to send the message to the destination node.
The solution if a message is too lengthy:
Splits it into several segments at a single node, then separates each segment, and finally reassembles the fragments at a different node.
The transport layer oversees:
4) Layer 4: Transport
Transferring data sequences via one or more networks from a source to a destination host, maintaining quality of service (QoS) features, and guaranteeing complete data delivery.
To ensure data integrity, error repair and equivalent functions are used. Additionally, it can offer explicit flow control.
5) Layer 5: Session
Computer connections are managed by the session layer. It establishes, preserves, and strengthens connections between the local and remote applications.
The Layer 5 software manages authorization and authentication, guaranteeing the delivery of the data.
6) Layer 6: Presentation
To make sure the data is compatible with the communications resources, the presentation layer inspects it. It transforms the data into a format that is understandable by the application and lower levels. Data can also be encrypted and compressed by the layer.
7) Layer 7: Application
Closest to end users, the OSI model’s application layer interacts directly with software applications to provide communication services as required.
The application layer’s features include:
- Verifying the availability of communication resources,
- Facilitating data transfer.
- TCP/IP Model Layers
- Application Layer
- Transport Layer
- Internet Layer
- Network Access Layer
- Application Layer
The application layer of the TCP/IP model defines the protocols that apps use to send data and grants programs access to services offered by other layers. Among the well-known application layer protocols are
- HTTP
- FTP
- SMTP
- Telnet
- DNS
- SNMP
- and Routing Information Protocol
Transport Layer
First and foremost, the transport layer is responsible for giving the application layer session and datagram communication services. The two most important protocols on this list are TCP and UDP.
TCP is also a dependent, connection-oriented, one-to-one communications service. Additionally, it oversees packet recovery and loss, as well as packet sequencing and acknowledgment.
Internet Layer
The main protocols of the Internet protocol layer in the TCP/IP include:
- Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
- Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
- Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
First, an IP address is a routable protocol that manages packet fragmentation, routing, IP address assignment, and re-assignment. Additionally, it adds a header, called the IP address, to the packets in this layer.
Determining the network access layer addresses is the responsibility of ARP. ARP often resolves MAC addresses in this layer. Conversely, the IP offers the hardware addresses.
In actuality, the ICMP is responsible for reporting issues brought on by unsuccessful IP packet delivery and providing diagnostic features. Furthermore, IP multicast group management is the responsibility of the IP Multicast Group Management Protocol (IGMP).
Network Access Layer
TCP/IP packet operation and reception can be found here. In the TCP IP model, another name is the link layer.
OSI Model vs TCP/IP Model
Let’s wrap up by talking about the primary differences between the OSI and TCP/IP models. First off, the OSI model divides many functions into various layers, which is the most important difference between the two models. The TCP/IP model, however, does not. Furthermore, the OSI model has multiple layers for the application and network access levels of the TCP/IP paradigm.
Additionally, you can concentrate on a particular layer by using the OSI model. To investigate data inconsistencies, for instance, you can concentrate on the application layer, presentation layer, or session layer separately. Instead, it is difficult to investigate inconsistencies since the TCP/IP architecture combines the activities of these three layers.
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